先翻译几个带定语和定语从句的翻译真题。

---

真题实战

They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.

结构分析

整个句子由两个并列句构成，第一个句子主干是They are the possessions，后面是定语成分。第二个句子主干部分是they are essential to practices，后面是一个in which引导的定语从句。在定语从句中，主语是a person，后面是两个并列谓语。第一个并列谓语 is held，第二个并列谓语是 is given，承前省略了is。

词汇释义

autonomous a. 自主的，自治的

essential a. 必不可少的，根本的

responsible a. 有责任的，负责的

credit n. 赞扬，认可

拆分翻译

They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,/ /

它们为传统理论的自主人所有

and they are essential to practices / /

它们是实践活动所必不可少的

in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and / /

在这些实践活动中，要求一个人对自己的行为负责

given credit for his achievements.

并因其成就而获得赞扬

参考译文

自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，它们是实践活动所必不可少的，在这些实践中，一个人应该对自己的行为负责，并且因其成就而获得赞扬。

总结

首先是定语从句的后置；其次是被动的处理方法：可以通过主动来解决；直接把“被”省略掉；找其他汉语中的词来代替。

注意：在考试中，句子出现了it / they 等等代词，要把实际指代的成分翻译出来，而不是直接翻译成“它/它们”。当然这个句子中我没有给你们原文，可以用代词的本意来代替。

翻译任务（可以试着翻译，下一篇文章会解析）

Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.